Interview: Li Jie, Li Ye
? interviewee: Zong Mingming
"Zong Mingming, Ph.D., Professor of Beijing University of technology, now dean of School of design and art, Zhuhai College, Beijing University of technology, winner of" silver medal of China design contribution award "of 2018 China Guanghua Longteng award, executive director of China Industrial Design Association, director of industrial design branch of China Engineering society, consultant expert of pension service management of China Social Welfare Association, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Bay Vice president of district innovation design industry alliance, member of China good design expert committee of China innovation design industry strategic alliance, executive director of "welfare culture and Industrial Service Research Institute" jointly established by Zhuhai College of Beijing University of technology, Ministry of industry and information technology of the people's Republic of China, and "beyond Bauhaus -- promoting the Expert judge of international professional jury of future competition. He has been engaged in industrial design education in Colleges and universities for 35 years, mainly focusing on: design basis and thinking expression, German industrial design education, well-being culture and people's livelihood service.
In 2019, "good design Zhuhai center" is a Chinese partner in the international competition and academic activities of "beyond Bauhaus - shaping the future" which is the official commemorative activity of Bauhaus in Germany for 100 years. The competition has collected more than 1500 works from more than 50 countries around the world, and 20 of them have won awards. Professor Zong Mingming said: "in these award-winning projects, I see the infinite potential of the spirit of German industrial design thought represented by Bauhaus for one hundred years to spread, practice and reconstruct the paradigm of modern art and technology education system all over the world."
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Design: 2019 is the 100th anniversary of Bauhaus. As the starting point of modern design education exploration, Bauhaus created the basic curriculum of design education, which constitutes the basic paradigm. Why do you think Bauhaus has such epoch-making significance and value?
Zong Mingming: in the process of modern design development, Germany, as an important birthplace of modern industrial design, has developed into Germany with the German manufacturing alliance (Deutsche Werkbund), Bauhaus and HFG Ulm) is the representative of German industrial design thought, which endows industrial design with strong vitality. German industrial design, with a rational attitude of paying attention to the fate of human beings, orients, agglomerates and promotes the development process of design, leads the climax of European industrial design with a sudden appearance, and leads the design to democracy, progress and benefit the most The road of harmonious development.
The core significance of Bauhaus for modern design education lies in that the mode of "basic curriculum of design education" created by Bauhaus has become the basic paradigm followed by global design education. As one of the main countries to promote the modern design movement, Germany has always been committed to the "people-oriented" design concept. From the ideal of promoting the combination of art and industry by the German manufacturing union, to Bauhaus' emphasis on the relationship between design modeling and human beings, as well as the excellent design advocated by Ulm. This series of deduction and development gradually established the rational design theory based on system theory and logic priority theory.
Professor Prof. Klaus Lehmann once said that "Bauhaus is not a miracle, nor an accident. In the National Art Institute of Stuttgart, Germany, where he works, there is an outstanding teacher, Adolf hoelzel (1853-1934), who has carried out a subversive reform of art education. His educational philosophy is called "bildnerischen mittel"; among his students are Oskar Schlemmer, William Burmester and Johannes itten, who brought many of herzer's theories, especially color theory, to Bauhaus and introduced basic teaching as new elements. " In Bauhaus, together with Naji, he created the famous "Bauhaus basic course". In 1920, Eaton expounded Bauhaus's teaching philosophy: "the purpose of basic courses is to develop students' creativity and make them understand the natural form and basic visual expression language." Eaton, Paul Kerry and Vassily Kandinsky carried out an innovative road of art and design education in Bauhaus.
Later, Bauhaus's basic design course gained worldwide attention. The education system of Bauhaus and Ulm Design Institute has become a classic case of design education and design practice. Up to now, it is still the core component and ecological model of German design theory, education method and design philosophy. In my opinion, the epoch-making significance of Bauhaus lies in the "formation of Basic Courses" it has built and created, which is also the core and most important characteristic of Bauhaus spirit.
Design: Bauhaus has set up interdisciplinary teaching contents in the basic courses of design education, including architecture, design, crafts, painting, sculpture, etc. do you think this interdisciplinary education idea is suitable for the current curriculum system of undergraduate design education? How to adapt to the current social environment and rethink the significance and value of interdisciplinary curriculum design?
Zong Mingming: talent training is closely related to the curriculum education system. Its goal and means should be related to the research, application, professional needs of educational institutions, as well as the characteristics of homogeneity and difference. The reason for its emergence should be related to the era, history and culture. At present, the research on the construction of the curriculum system for the design of personnel training focuses on three aspects, namely: To explore a balanced practical curriculum and theoretical curriculum system, to focus on the relationship between interdisciplinary and integration, and to establish an international education model. In my opinion, from a more specific and intuitive point of view, the construction of the curriculum system should adhere to the Bauhaus "people-oriented" concept, focusing on serving the needs of "people". China's one belt, one road initiative, especially in the context of world economic integration, is more prominent in the multi attributes and multidisciplinary combination of modern design education content.
Bauhaus' idea has summarized and condensed the past history of German industrial design thought, and the essence of this thought is changing and reinterpreted with the requirements of the times 100 years later. In September 2019, I participated in the expert jury of "beyond Bauhaus and reshape the future" international design competition held by Deutschland land land der ldeen. The theme of the competition helps us to understand the spirit of Bauhaus in the 21st century, one of which is "reshaping the future".
In March 2019, "good design Zhuhai center", as one of the partners of the international competition and academic activities of "beyond Bauhaus - shaping the future" in the 100 year German official commemoration, was honored to invite Marin, a cultural exchange scholar in "German creative territory" Mr. Rendel came to China to conduct a week-long "beyond Bauhaus - shaping the future" workshop for relevant students of Zhuhai College of Beijing University of technology. The main body of the workshop activities are: 1. The past. What is Bauhaus in history? What did Bauhaus leave behind? 2、 Now. Where are we today? What is the state of our society? 3、 The future. How can we imagine the future? What challenges will we face? How can we be a better designer? From summarizing the legacy and influence of Bauhaus in the past to preparing for understanding and stimulating creativity, we have finally formed an overall conceptual design plan called "for a better future". The workshop invited 25 students of different majors and some enterprise designers to participate. The students integrated their professional skills and complemented each other. They completed their respective themes in research analysis, concept derivation, roadshow report, discussion and team cooperation. The teaching and communication of the workshop produced excellent results in a short time. Therefore, interdisciplinary cooperation, challenges and inspiration are very important for design education.
Bauhaus' thought has developed from "people-oriented" a hundred years ago to "reshaping the future" a hundred years later, which embodies the concern of Bauhaus' design thought for human needs, which is also the expression of Bauhaus' spirit inheritance from generation to generation. From the perspective of history, culture and society, besides war and peace, the focus of human attention is the quality of life, the way of life and the future of ecology. The upgrading of human demand for materials, the development of science and technology, the replacement of substitutes in the market, power products, new space-time changes, artificial intelligence and so on all affect and influence the modern human way of life and use.
A hundred years later, Bauhaus's views, history and spirit still have a profound impact on the current design talent training, including the curriculum system and the construction of education goals and means. How to improve the quality of human life through design education, so as to cultivate high-quality design talents who can meet the needs of future human beings, is the significance and value of the talent training mode and curriculum system of design education that I understand.
Quoted from: Ulmer Modelle nach Ulm p65 - three dimensional geometric deformation, by Thomas Maldonado
Quoted from: Bauhaus p354
"Entfaltungen" p24 -- from the basic course of Professor Lehman of Stuttgart School of Art
Design: you have published a paper entitled research on Ulm's design education system. Please brief us on how Ulm's design education system continues the Bauhaus spirit?
Zong Mingming: the continuation of Bauhaus spirit in Ulm design education system can be summed up in two aspects. On the one hand, his inheritance of Bauhaus is based on "criticism and selection". On the other hand, ULM developed the spirit of Bauhaus and created the system design method.
The German manufacturing alliance established in the early 20th century and the Bauhaus school established after it clearly explained that its design service object is a wide range of people, emphasizing the rationality and functionality of design, logic and technology. After the Second World War, the HFG Ulm Institute of design, which was founded, creatively proposed "the social role of design in the future". At the same time of emphasizing the core value of science and technology in design, taking human behavior as the basis of design, guiding design practice with rationality and science.
German functionalism is a deep-seated humanistic concern based on a high sense of social responsibility and historical mission, which everyone can share the results of product design and the pursuit of good product service, laying a thinking tradition of design ethics, the progress and sublimation of the social democratic consciousness inspired by the German Cultural nationalist movement in peacetime, and the German industrial design A prominent feature of the plan.
The main influence of German functionalism on design philosophy lies in three aspects. 1、 The emphasis on function is the leading idea of German industrial design. 2、 The emphasis on social democracy is the outstanding concept of German industrial design. 3、 The emphasis on the sense of moral responsibility is the core principle of German industrial design thought. Design aims at the happiness of users, and takes obligations and conscience as the benchmark. It focuses on the broader social and environmental needs. Think and summarize the safety, life, quality and environment of products, so as to give the most profound beauty and order to the public in the most extensive life contact